Attribution theory: when individuals observe behaviour, they attempt to determine whether it is internally or externally caused.
Distinctiveness: Shows different behaviours in different situations
Consensus: Response is the same as others to same situation
Consistency: Responds in the same way over time
Fundamental attribution error: the tendency to underestimate the influence of external factors and overestimate the influence of internal factors when making judgements about the behaviour of others.
In general, we tend to blame the person first, not the situation.
Self-Serving Bias - The tendency for individuals to attribute their own successes to internal factors while putting the blame for failures on external factors.
Individuals and organisations also tend to attribute their own successes to internal factors such as ability or effort, while putting the blame for failure on external factors such as bad luck or unproductive colleagues.
Selective perception: People selectively interpret what they see on the basis of their interests, background, experience and attitudes.
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