Early theories of motivation have not held up under close scrutiny or have become old-fashioned. In contrast, contemporary theories have one thing in common: each has a reasonable degree of research validity. This doesn't mean that they are unquestionably right. We call them 'contemporary theories' because they represent the current state of thinking in explaining motivation.
Self-determination theory: a theory that states that allocating extrinsic rewards for behaviour that had been previously intrinsically rewarding tends to decrease the overall level of motivation if the rewards are seen as controlling.
Self-concordance: the degree to which a person's reasons for pursuing a goal are consistent with the person's interests and core values.
Goal-setting theory: A theory that specific and difficult goals, with feedback lead to higher performance.
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